Stanley Smith Stevens
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Stevens, Stanley Smith
Born Nov. 4, , in Ogden, Utah; died Jan. 18, , in Vail, Colo. American psychologist.
In the late ’s, Stevens advanced a program for the restructuring of psychology on the basis of operationalism. In he organized and became head of a psychophysics laboratory at Harvard University, where he became a professor in He initiated a school of thought that was in some respects an alternative to the classical psychophysics of G. Fechner. Whereas Fech-ner used the indirect scaling of sensation, Stevens and his students used direct scaling, whereby the subject directly evaluated his sensations according to arbitrary units. Stevens also formulated the psychophysical law of power function, which was in opposition to the logarithmic Weber-Fechner law.
WORKS
Sound and Hearing. New York, (With F. Warshofsky.)Psychophysics. New York,
In Russian translation:
“Matematika, izmerenie i psikhofizika.” In Eksperimental’naia psikhologiia, vol. 1. Moscow,
“O psikhofizicheskom zakone.” In t
S. S. Stevens
In Stanley Smith Stevens received his Ph.D. from the newly independent psychology department at Harvard, and two years later accepted a position as instructor in experimental psychology. Known professionally as “S. S. Stevens” and by his colleagues as “Smitty” in the ensuing decades, Stevens built a renowned laboratory of experimental psychology in the basement of Memorial Hall at Harvard. His own research focused on the relationship between the perceived magnitude of a stimulus and its objective physical magnitude. More generally, Stevens was a pioneer in psychoacoustics, and a major organizer of the field of experimental psychology.
In the course of his research, Stevens discovered that the most direct way of measuring the perceived intensity of a stimulus (e.g. a light, a sound, a smell, a shock) was simply to ask people to assign it a number, without putting a limit on the scale or forcing them to choose the units. (This departed from the more indirect behavioral methods that were popular at the time, such as measuring which stimuli people failed to discriminate, and assuming that all such pairs had a constant perceived magnitud
Stanley Smith Stevens facts for kids
This page is about a psychologist. For a ship, see SS Stevens.
Stanley Smith Stevens (November 4, – January 18, ) was an American psychologist who founded Harvard's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, studying psychoacoustics, and he is credited with the introduction of Stevens's power law. Stevens authored a milestone textbook, the + page Handbook of Experimental Psychology (). He was also one of the founding organizers of the Psychonomic Society. In he introduced a theory of levels of measurement widely used by scientists but whose use in some areas of statistics has been criticized. In addition, Stevens played a key role in the development of the use of operational definitions in psychology.
A Review of General Psychology survey, published in , ranked Stevens as the 52nd most cited psychologist of the 20th century. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the United States National Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.
Life
Stevens was born in Ogden, Utah to Stanley and Adeline (Smith) Stevens and educated in Latter-day Saint-affiliated schools in Salt Lake City, Utah. He spent much of his chi
Stevens, Stanley Smith ().
Psicólogo estadounidense; fue profesor de psicofísica en Harvard, donde pasó toda su vida profesional.
Fue director del laboratorio de psicoacústica de Harvard durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, donde se ocupó del estudio de los efectos del ruido intenso en aeronaves espaciales. En esta época concibió su teoría del cuanto neural, que sostenía que la discriminación sensorial está limitada por la naturaleza discreta de la condición el creador de la ley de potencia que relaciona las magnitudes del estímulo físico con los números asignados a ellas en experimentos de estimación de magnitudes. Propuso varios nombres para las distintas clases de medidas: nominal, ordinal, de intervalo y de razón, que se utilizan obra más importante es Handbook of Experimental Psychology, ARA.
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